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How to Obtain a Residence Card (TRC) in Poland

Are you planning to live and work legally in Poland? Obtaining a Temporary Residence Card (TRC), known locally as karta pobytu, is your essential gateway to a stable and secure life within the European Union. In 2025, the process remains accessible and streamlined for foreign nationals from countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and others. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the application process, required documentation, and the advantages of legalizing your stay in Poland.

What Is a Temporary Residence Card (TRC) and a Karta Pobytu?

A Temporary Residence Card (TRC) in Poland is an official permission allowing foreign nationals to reside legally in the country for a specified period. The TRC enables holders to live, work, study, and access social benefits in Poland without visa restrictions. The karta pobytu serves as the physical document confirming this status, which must be obtained from the relevant voivodeship office.

Why Apply for a Karta Pobytu?

• Legal Residence: Maintain lawful presence in Poland without recurring visa applications or overstaying risks.
• Employment and Education: Work for Polish employers or study in Polish institutions without limitations, plus open local bank accounts.
• Freedom to Travel: Enjoy visa-free travel within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within any 180-day period.
• Social Security Benefits: Access health insurance, social assistance programs, and other welfare services available to residents.

How to Obtain a Residence Card (TRC) in Poland in 2025?

Your eligibility and application process for a TRC depend primarily on your purpose of stay. The following categories represent the most common legal bases for foreign nationals applying in 2025:

1. TRC Based on Employment

For those officially employed in Poland under a valid employment contract, this remains one of the most straightforward paths. You will need:

• A valid employment contract (e.g., umowa o pracę or umowa zlecenie).
• Proof of income meeting or exceeding the minimum gross salary threshold (4666 PLN in 2025).
• Submission of the TRC application to the appropriate voivodeship office.

2. TRC Based on Business Activity

Entrepreneurs who have established a sole proprietorship or a limited liability company (LLC) in Poland qualify for a TRC. Recent regulatory adjustments have removed previous income thresholds, making this an attractive option for business owners from abroad.

• Provide proof of business registration and ongoing operations.
• Prepare to submit comprehensive financial documentation demonstrating your business’s viability.

3. Karta Pobytu Based on Family Reunification

If you have close family members legally residing in Poland (e.g., spouse, parent, child), you may be eligible to apply for a TRC based on family reunification. Conditions include:

• The family member holds a valid temporary or permanent residence permit.
• Proof of familial relationship and evidence of accommodation and stable income for the inviting party.

4. TRC for Students and Researchers

International students and academic researchers enrolled at accredited Polish institutions can apply for a TRC valid for the duration of their studies or research. Requirements generally include:

• Proof of enrollment or a research contract.
• Sufficient funds to cover living expenses.
• Health insurance coverage.

5. Other Grounds for TRC

Additional grounds include humanitarian reasons, cultural exchange, internships, or diplomatic assignments. Each basis has specific documentation and conditions set by the Polish Office for Foreigners.

What Documents Are Required?

The typical documents required for a TRC application in 2025 include:

• Completed application form (wniosek o zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy).
• Valid passport with copies of relevant pages.
• Passport-sized photographs (3.5 x 4.5 cm).
• Documents substantiating the basis for the application (employment contract, business registration, enrollment certificate, marriage certificate, etc.).
• Proof of medical insurance valid in Poland.
• Receipt confirming payment of the application fee (ranging from 340 to 440 PLN).

Note: Document requirements may vary slightly depending on the voivodeship office and individual circumstances; always verify the checklist on the official voivodeship website before submission.

Processing Time and What to Do in Case of Denial

• Processing time: Usually ranges from 2 to 6 months, although some voivodeships may take longer.
• If denied: Applications can be rejected due to incomplete documentation or failure to meet criteria. In such cases, you have the right to appeal or resubmit with corrected information.

Best Practices for Successful Application

• Learn Polish: While not mandatory for short-term permits, demonstrating Polish language proficiency can significantly improve the prospects for long-term residence permits. Certificates such as TELC or state school diplomas are recognized proofs.
• Consult Legal Experts: Navigating Polish immigration law can be complex; employing immigration lawyers or consultants can help avoid costly delays.
• Submit Early: File your application well before your current visa or permit expires to ensure continuous legal residence.

After the Temporary Residence Card

After legally residing in Poland for 5 consecutive years on a TRC, or after 3 years of marriage to a Polish citizen, you may apply for permanent residence (karta stałego pobytu). Permanent residence confers nearly all the rights of Polish citizenship, excluding voting in national elections.

Summary

In 2025, obtaining a Temporary Residence Card (TRC) in Poland is a realistic and accessible goal for foreign nationals from the UK, USA, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and beyond. Success depends on preparing the necessary documentation, selecting the appropriate legal basis, and leveraging professional advice when needed. Poland remains an open, vibrant destination for those seeking work, education, and long-term residence within the European Union.